Volume III, Issue I, September 2026
Volume-III, Issue-I, September, 2026 |
Received: 15.09.2026 | Accepted: 22.09.2026 | ||
Published Online: 30.09.2026 | Page No: | ||
DOI: 10.69655/atmadeep.vol.3.issue.01W. | |||
ভারতে শ্রমিক আন্দোলনের ঐতিহাসিক বিবর্তন ও সমকালীন
রূপান্তর: একটি সমালোচনামূলক বিশ্লেষণ
সুবীর গায়েন, সহকারী অধ্যাপক, ধ্রুবচাঁদ
হালদার কলেজ,
দক্ষিণ বারাশত, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ, ভারত |
The Historical Evolution and Contemporary Transformation of the Labour Movement in India: A Critical Analysis Subir Gayen, Assistant Professor, Dhrubachand Haldar College, Dakshin Barasat, West Bengal, India | ||
ABSTRACT | ||
The development of workers’ movements in India is closely associated with the emergence of modern industries and the working class during the colonial period. The expansion of industrialisation, railways, ports, and commercial industries created a new working class that gradually organised against low wages, long working hours, unsafe working conditions, and exploitation. This article examines the historical development of workers’ movements in India, beginning with their early forms during the colonial period and the emergence of trade unions, followed by the establishment of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1920. It analyses the subsequent ideological and political divisions within workers’ organisations and examines the relationship between workers’ movements, the state, political parties, and labour policies in post-independence India. The article further discusses major workers’ movements of the 1970s and the emergence of independent workers’ organisations. Particular attention is given to the impact of liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation after 1991, which contributed to the expansion of contractual, temporary, and informal employment and altered the organisational strategies of workers’ movements. Contemporary developments, including the growth of the gig economy, the use of digital platforms, and the participation of women and migrant workers, are also examined. The article argues that Indian workers’ movements are adapting to changing labour-market conditions through new forms of organisation and mobilisation. However, organisational fragmentation, political dependence, limited representation of informal workers, and contractual employment remain major challenges. | ||
Keyword:
|